1299 — Age of the Marches

# 1299 — Age of the Marches ## Version and historical premise The start date is September 1, 1299, at 08:00. The day and time represent the beginning of the scenario rather than a specific historical claim. This version is a broad historical **research and gameplay draft**: it includes 104 public accounts, dynasty members, and auxiliary actors. Not every minor European lordship, Asian local dynasty, or child of every ruler has been verified in full detail. Anatolia is the priority. Catalog figures and cover art are representative and should not be considered verified portraits. **Sourced information:** Periods, identities, and events are used within the limits of their respective studies. **Controversial matters:** Accounts, conflicting dates, incomplete lineages, and ambiguous borders are acknowledged as such. **Game model:** All numerical soldier pools, garrisons, budget figures, production/attrition indices, supply days, and construction costs/durations are design choices. These game numbers are not attributed to any historian; they do not represent a 1299 census or national income series. In particular, later descriptions by al-Omari and Ibn Battuta are not retroactively applied to 1299. Davia is a world of character and institution simulation. The chosen player possesses the authority and information horizon of their respective era. You are not an actor managing an entire country with an omniscient, abstract cursor. For the start, Osman, Güneri, Yakub, Hamid, Sayf al-Din Suleyman, the Byzantine Emperor, and the Ilkhanid/Mamluk administrations offer different challenges. The selection of a child sultan is represented through regents and advisors. Uncertain, deceased, or unborn biographical records are not recommended as starting roles. ## State of Anatolia in 1299 While the Seljuk Sultanate continues with its titles and local institutions, Ilkhanid military/financial supremacy remains the determining factor. Alaeddin Kayqubad III is recorded as the reigning sultan; Mesud II is an deposed dynasty member. The tension created by the rebellions of Baltu and Sulemish, the maneuverability of the Turkmen marches, and the various local powers around Konya all overlap. "Ilkhanid supremacy" does not imply that every village is managed by a single center with the same level of authority. The core of Osman’s territory is the Söğüt–Karacahisar region; Bursa, Iznik, and Izmit are under Byzantine control at the start. The tradition of a 1299 foundation is not portrayed as a scene where the entire Seljuk realm passed to Osman on a single day. The Kayı tribal affiliation and early genealogical narratives are not presented as undisputed contemporary records. [Halil İnalcık, Osman I](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/osman-i) and [Orhan](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/orhan) are the primary references for early source criticism. The beylik records do not combine the Chobanids and Candarids: the Kastamonu center of Mahmud and the Eflani iqta of Yaman Candar are distinct. Hamid is recorded as the great bey; the later inscriptions and conquests of Dündar are not projected backward. Güneri of the Karamanids and his brother Mahmud are different individuals. The houses of Eşref, Sahib Ata, Inanç, Pervane, and Menteşe are not ignored within the reach of the larger neighbors. The Aydinids do not begin as an independent country established in 1299; records of Mehmed and Sasa are biographical preparations. The frontier activity of Saruhan and the conquest of Manisa are separate. The traditional date of 1313 for Manisa is not confirmed by contemporary documents; the Emecen article discusses the period after 1310. Subsequent political formations such as Eretna, Dulkadir, Ramadan, Taceddinids, and Qadi Burhan al-Din are not shown as established at the start. [Feridun Emecen, Saruhanids](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saruhanogullari), [Erdoğan Merçil, Aydinids](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/aydinogullari). ## Meaning of the map and border registry There are 533 land and 8 water cells. Color is derived from the actual owner/allegiance statistics of the land. The same key and color are used for the same country. Geographic names are permanent; the owner's name is not embedded within the location name. Seas do not bear a state color. Every land cell has a color at the start; this does not mean the 1299 borders of the entire world are fully documented. In remote areas, the same color is a MODEL representation of multiple local communities, not proof of a unified sovereign state. Söğüt–Eskişehir (531) and the disputed Bilecik–İnegöl–Yenişehir (530) are colored for Osman; for 530, the narrative within 1299 is considered a MODEL for this opening and not a claim of a definitive September conquest. Bursa, Iznik, and Izmit (529) are Byzantine. Ereğli (528) is Byzantine, while Bolu–Gerede–Mudurnu (552) is Chobanid. The İzmir–Manisa castle belt (534) and the Troad coast (533) are Byzantine. Gördes–Demirci (553) and Birgi–Bozdağ (558) are different frontier colors; these are not evidence of an independent 1299 Aydin/Saruhan state or a definitive province. Details regarding center and authority are debated. [Aydinids](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/aydinogullari), [Saruhanids](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saruhanogullari). Konya (543), Antalya (539), Ankara–Kırşehir (546), Kayseri–Niğde (547), and Amasya–Tokat (548) are colored as Seljuk; the Ilkhanid suzerainty is a matter of diplomatic relations. Sivas–Malatya (549), the area around Erzurum (501), the area around Diyarbakır (550), and the Armenian Highlands (152) are colored as MODEL Ilkhanid control; local revenue/iqta rights are evaluated separately. Samsun–Canik (524) is colored as Pervane MODEL. Sinop (525), Kastamonu (526), and Eflani (527) are separate administrations. Current starting values for a divided Italy, Russian principalities, Greece, the Maghreb, and Southeast Asia are found in the cell records. The mixed cell and joint center lists from the previous version are no longer used. Suzerainty, colonial/trade privileges, and actual territorial control are not the same right: distinct landmarks like Galata and Caffa do not govern the entire surrounding region. Landmarks on islands without land geometry on the map are not considered to govern the entire sea simply due to the cell record corresponding to the sea; the limit of geographic scope is preserved. Conquest and color are updated with the same result under full control; there is no one-month waiting period. If only a single castle is taken, only that castle gains new allegiance; the remaining control is recorded in the border registry. Geographic cell division does not generate income, soldiers, or supplies. Lines are an approximate MODEL. The 1299 information in the location descriptions provides the starting context; current ownership is determined by statistics. ## Starting crises and diplomacy - Anatolian marches: Negotiations between Ilkhanid collection, local legitimacy, and urban security. - Osman’s circle: The Byzantine castle belt, rivalries with neighboring Turkmen, and the need for reliable allies with limited resources. - Mamluks: The young Al-Nasir Muhammad, who ascended the throne again in February 1299; the powerful influence of Salar and Baybars al-Jashnakir; the defense of Syria. - Ilkhanids: Order following the Anatolian rebellions, divan reforms, and the Mamluk front; Öljaitü is not yet Ilkhan. - Tokta and Nogai: The struggle for supremacy in the Ulus of Jochi; the future Bulgarian throne of Chaka, son of Nogai, is not given as a current reign. - Kaidu and Duva: Alliance against the Yuan; the divergence of pasture and oasis revenues. - Byzantine Empire: Financial hardship, conflicting provincial interests, and Latin trade privileges; the Catalan Company is not the emperor's ready army in 1299. - Europe: France–England/Flanders issues, the Scottish guard, Italy’s fragmented institutions, the Sicilian war, and the Hungarian succession pressure. A modern unified Germany, Italy, Spain, Russia, and the United Kingdom do not exist. - East Asia: The Yuan Khaganate, the Goryeo court that is tied to the Yuan but remains separate; the Kyoto emperor, Kamakura shogun, and Hōjō regent in Japan are separate offices. - South Asia: Delhi does not rule the entire subcontinent; Bengal, Yadava, Kakatiya, Hoysala, Pandya, and other local dynasties are separate entries. - Southeast Asia: Angkor, Đại Việt, Champa, Lan Na, Sukhothai, Martaban, and Myinsaing are distinct centers; Majapahit is not the entirety of Indonesia. ## Different modes of administration ### Frontier Beylik Bey, dynasty, circle of Alps, qadi, and Ahis; tribal-territorial status and negotiated allegiance. Not every Turkmen group is a soldier on a permanent salary from the center. Military base: Turkmen cavalry and local infantry; campaigned based on negotiation between beys. Visual design: Felt cap (börk), wool/silk kaftan, boots; weaponry of the era: bows, swords, and chain/lamellar armor. ### Seljuk Sultanate under Ilkhanid supremacy Network of divan, vizier, iqta, and qadi; pressure from Ilkhanid tax collectors and noyan. The title of Sultan does not directly imply local control. Military base: Court circle, iqta holders, and regional forces. Visual design: Seljuk court kaftan and period headwear; no modern heraldry. ### Roman Imperial administration Emperor, co-emperor, court, and provincial offices; pronoia rights are not full land ownership; local elites and the church are influential. Military base: Local and imperial units, mercenaries; payment and naval support are critical. Visual design: Byzantine silk tunics and period crowns; no late-period European plate armor. ### Ilkhanid divan and noyans Khan, emirs, and the Iranian financial divan; Mongol tribal relations, Sharia law, and common law (yassa) are concurrently effective. Tax reforms are not implemented everywhere in a single day. Military base: Mongol/Turkic cavalry, subject units, and local infantry. Visual design: Kaftan, lamellar armor, composite bow; ornate but representative appearance. ### Mamluk military sultanate Sultan, great emirs, iqta, and Mamluk households; there is no automatic father-to-son succession. A child sultan's actual authority depends on the support of the emirs. Military base: Trained Mamluk cavalry, civilian units, and auxiliaries. Visual design: Period Mamluk kaftan, turban, or helmet and chain/lamellar armor in war. ### Mongol Ulus order Chinggisid legitimacy, dynastic branches, noyans, and herd/pasture rights; requires kurultai support and military obedience. Military base: Large mounted steppe cavalry; pasture, remounts, and water are decisive. Visual design: Steppe kaftan, fur cap, composite bow, and lamellar components. ### Yuan imperial administration The Khagan, central secretariat, regional administrations, and Mongol military aristocracy; Chinese tax bureaucracy and local intermediaries. Supremacy over Tibet/Korea is not equivalent to direct annexation. Military base: Regional garrison, Mongol cavalry, Chinese infantry, and specialized units. Visual design: Yuan-era Mongol-Chinese court attire; Ming/Qing costumes are not used. ### Native kingdom under Yuan The Goryeo court and local offices are preserved; Yuan obligations and dynastic marriages limit independent action. Military base: Local garrison, infantry, and limited cavalry. Visual design: Goryeo-era court attire; Joseon icons are not used. ### Kamakura bakufu The Kyoto imperial office, the Shogun, and the Hōjō shikken regency are separate. Gokenin service depends on personal land rights and expectation of reward. Military base: Period samurai mounted archers and household infantry retinues. Visual design: Kamakura-era ō-yoroi/dō-maru and tachi; Sengoku castles, muskets, and ashigaru uniforms are absent. ### Sultanate and iqta administration Sultan, emirs, iqta, and local revenue collection; agricultural taxes and central control vary during the period. Military base: Cavalry, infantry, and regional elephants; all subsequent conquests are not granted at the start. Visual design: 13th-century Indo-Islamic kaftan, turban, sword, and chainmail. ### Regional Indian kingdom King, dynasty, regional office holders, and village and temple estates; the gentry of each kingdom wields different levels of power. Military base: Cavalry, infantry, archers, and regional elephant corps; elephants are not infinite and require supply. Visual design: 13th-century textile, jewelry, and armor repertoire of the relevant region; no Mughal-era attire. ### Southeast Asian center-periphery kingdom Court, local lords, temple/monastery, and tribute networks; authority is graded in the outer periphery, and modern, sharp borders are not assumed. Military base: Local infantry, river/sea vessels, and regional elephants. Visual design: Regional 13th-century clothing and court traditions; no single costume for all of Asia. ### Regional Islamic sultanate/melikate Court, divan, local emir, qadi, and trade networks. Superior tribute and internal tax collection are calculated separately. Military base: Dynastic retinue, cavalry, and local auxiliaries. Visual design: Regional kaftan, turban/headgear, and period armor. ### Dynastic and feudal rights Crown/despot/ban, noble houses, clergy, and cities. Terms of service, local law, and council approval set limits; the king cannot treat all national income as his personal purse. Military base: Household knights, infantry, archers/crossbowmen, and limited-term service; not a standing national army. Visual design: Period tunic and surcoat; chainmail; no 15th-century full plate armor. ### Elective Roman-German kingdom The King of the Romans is elected by princes; Habsburg hereditary lands are separate, and imperial princes possess their own distinct authority and income. The Golden Bull of 1356 is not applied retroactively. Military base: Negotiated contingents from princes and dynastic units; Germany is not a single army. Visual design: 13th-century crown and surcoat; later imperial symbols are not used representationally. ### Commune / municipal council government Council, merchant families, and rotating offices; an elected/appointed leader cannot automatically hand over their duties to their son. Venice, Genoa, Milan, and Novgorod are not considered equivalent constitutions. Military base: Mercenaries, city militia; in maritime cities, separate ship crews. Visual design: Wealthy urban textiles and period official attire; no modern national uniforms. ### Church / monastic order administration Elective pope/master, institutional councils, and land rights. There is no biological heir; election and allegiance are required. Military base: Institutional garrisons, retinue, and contracted auxiliaries. Visual design: Period clerical/monastic attire; later-period symbols and uniforms are not used. ### Russian principality under Horde supremacy Prince, boyars, and city; Horde patents (yarliks), tribute, and local inheritance claims differ. No single prince is the ruler of all Russian lands. Military base: Druzhina retinue and local infantry; service from cities and tax collection are limited. Visual design: 13th-century fur-trimmed kaftan, period helmet, and chainmail. ## Economy, population, and evidence limits for quantities Each main administration carries a single public account. The 0 HB/0 military values for dynastic members do not imply they are destitute; it indicates that the main state treasury is not double-counted on them. Income and expenditure are not a reconstruction of the entire historical accounting of the state. Initial collection capacity, normal monthly load, war surcharges, debt, and construction are kept separate. As total population counts have not been verified, precise population statistics are not added for each state. Agriculture depends on the local harvest season, water, and labor; herd economy on pasture; customs on actual transit. A march principality and a trade commune do not use the same income basket. Production in the Nile basin, Denizli textiles, Sinop customs, Bohemian mines, and steppe herds encounter different bottlenecks. Religion/ethnicity is not an inherent multiplier for economic success. The initial garrison and provisions for fortresses are game assumptions. Named wall garrisons are not double-counted with the protection units of “administrative centers”: if both exist in the same city, the administrative center value represents internal household protection, and the wall mark represents external defense units. The normal monthly load includes the cost of starting garrisons; it is not added again in the first month. Separating a new garrison from the levy pool symmetrically alters the available count; it does not create total manpower. ## Governance and dynastic record All military and currency columns below are **models**. Resource links are provided for context regarding the ruler or institution; they do not verify these figures. There is no claim to a “complete list of children”; members who are obscure in the description are biographical records rather than map entities. | Administration | Initial position | Levy pool (model) | Treasury HB (model) | Revenue HB/month (model) | Economic basis | Dynasty / status note | Reference | |---|---|---:|---:|---:|---|---|---| | Ottoman March | Osman Gazi | 1600 | 6000 | 2500 | Söğüt summer-winter pasture network, livestock, market and transit taxes | Orhan; Alâeddin Ali; birth status of other sons in 1299 is uncertain | [Reference](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/osman-i) | Karamanids | Güneri Bey | 9000 | 28000 | 12500 | Taurus livestock, lowland grain, and pass trade | Brother Mahmud; no confirmed 1299 record for Güneri's sons | [Reference](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/karamanogullari) | Germiyanids | Yakub Bey I | 8000 | 32000 | 14000 | Grain, pasture, textile, and domestic markets | Son Mehmed; birth year unknown | [Reference](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/germiyanogullari) | Hamidids | Hamid Bey | 3000 | 12000 | 5500 | Lakes region agriculture, livestock, and road taxes | Son İlyas; grandson Dündar; ages uncertain | [Reference](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/hamidogullari) | Eşrefids | Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey | 2500 | 13000 | 5000 | Lake basin grain, livestock, and local market | Son Mübarizüddin Mehmed; daughter Gülcemal | [Reference](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/esrefogullari) | Menteşeids | Mesud Bey | 4000 | 18000 | 7800 | Coastal trade, timber, agriculture, and naval raids | Son Şücaüddin Orhan; ages of other sons in 1299 unknown | [Reference](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/menteseogullari) | Karesiids | Karesi Bey | 3500 | 16000 | 6500 | Grain, pasture, and Marmara-Aegean trade connections | Yahşi, Demirhan, Dursun: kinship and birth details disputed | [Reference](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/karesiogullari) | Candarids — Eflani | Şemseddin Yaman Candar | 1200 | 5500 | 2600 | Forest products, pasture, and local agriculture | Son Süleyman I; age unknown | [Reference](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/candarogullari) | Çobanids — Kastamonu | Mahmud Bey (Çobanoğlu) | 3500 | 16000 | 6800 | Forest, livestock, urban market, and Black Sea connection | Son of Yavlak Arslan; his own children not confirmed | [Reference](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/cobanogullari) | Pervâneids | Mühezzebüddin Mesud Bey | 1800 | 13500 | 4200 | Sinop port customs and shipping | Son Gazi Çelebi; birth year uncertain | [Reference](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/pervaneogullari) | Sâhib Ataids | Nusretüddevle Ahmed Bey | 1800 | 9000 | 3900 | Karahisar grain, mountain pass and urban markets | Son of Şemseddin Mehmed; information on sons not confirmed | [Reference](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/sahib-ataogullari) | İnançids — Lâdik | Şücaüddin İnanç Mehmed Bey | 1800 | 14500 | 4500 | Denizli textiles, agriculture, and Turkmen trade network | Son Murad Arslan; birth year uncertain | [Reference](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/inancogullari) | Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate | Kayqubad III | 4500 | 17000 | 10500 | Grain taxes and caravan routes; Ilkhanid collection pressure | Lack of reliable initial records for children; Mesud II is a deposed relative | [Reference](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/keykubad-iii) | | Byzantine Empire | Andronikos II Palaiologos | 12000 | 45000 | 27000 | Land revenues, customs, urban production; Italian concessions | Sons Michael IX, Constantine, John, Theodore, Demetrios | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronikos_II_Palaiologos) | | Empire of Trebizond | Alexios II Komnenos | 2500 | 16000 | 5000 | Harbor and Iran-Black Sea transit trade | Births of sons in 1299 unconfirmed; later Andronikos III is a separate record | [Reference](https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/yyusbed/article/804659) | | Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia | Hethum II | 6000 | 21000 | 11500 | Plains agriculture, port of Ayas, and Taurus passes | Brothers Constantine and Oshin; nephew Leo; no male issue of his own | [Reference](https://hoyuk.gov.tr/eng/full-text/78/tur) | | Ilkhanate | Ghazan Mahmud Khan | 60000 | 220000 | 110000 | Land tax collection, caravan trade, and reformed divan | Brother Öljaytu; son Alchu and daughter Öljei Qutlugh (details require confirmation) | [Reference](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/gazan-han) | | Mamluk Sultanate | an-Nasir Muhammad b. Qalawun | 35000 | 180000 | 77000 | Nile agriculture, iqta, and Red Sea-Mediterranean customs | Child sultan in 1299; future sons not counted as born at start | [Reference](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/muhammed-b-kalavun) | | Golden Horde — Tokta's Ulus | Tokta Khan | 40000 | 145000 | 74000 | Livestock, trade, and tribute from subject principalities | Son Ilbasmish; dating requires further verification | [Reference](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/altin-orda-hanligi) | | Nogai's Western Ulus | Nogai | 20000 | 70000 | 41000 | Steppe livestock, Danube crossing, and share from dependents | Son Chaka; list of sons otherwise incomplete | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogai_Khan) | | Chagatai Ulus | Duva Khan | 30000 | 100000 | 57000 | Oasis agriculture, livestock, and transit trade | Sons Qutlugh Khwaja, Könchek, Kebek, Esen Buka; birth years uncertain | [Reference](https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/chaghatayid-dynasty/) | | Kaidu's Ogedei Ulus | Kaidu | 25000 | 80000 | 46000 | Steppe livestock and oasis revenues | Sons Chapar and Orus; daughter Qutulun | [Reference](https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/central-asia-v/) | | Yuan Dynasty | Temür Öljeytü Khan | 100000 | 500000 | 220000 | Grain and salt taxes, paper money, Grand Canal, and trade | Son Deshou; nephews Haishan and Ayurbarvada | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tem%C3%BCr_Khan) | | Goryeo Kingdom | Chungnyeol | 12000 | 50000 | 23000 | Rice, land revenues, and Yuan obligations | Son Chungseon; father returned after a brief reign in 1298 | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chungnyeol_of_Goryeo) | | Kamakura Japan | Hōjō Sadatoki | 20000 | 70000 | 39000 | Shoen estates and warrior land services | Emperor Go-Fushimi; Shogun Prince Hisaaki; Sadatoki's son Takatoki born in 1303 | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_Sadatoki) | | Delhi Sultanate | Alauddin Khalji | 50000 | 210000 | 102000 | Land assessment, Ganges basin, and trade; gradual reforms | Sons Khizr Khan and Shadi Khan; 1299 birth dates missing | [Reference](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/alaeddin-halaci) | | Bengal Sultanate | Ruknuddin Kaikaus | 12000 | 65000 | 25000 | Delta agriculture, weaving, and river trade | Information on sons unconfirmed; dynastic ties with Delhi | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rukunuddin_Kaikaus) | | Devagiri Yadava Kingdom | Ramachandra | 16000 | 65000 | 32000 | Deccan agriculture, urban market, and transit routes | Son Shankaradeva; detailed birth records uncertain | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramachandra_of_Devagiri) | | Kakatiya Kingdom | Prataparudra | 18000 | 76000 | 36000 | Irrigation tanks, agriculture, and internal trade | Information on sons unconfirmed; tradition of adopted succession requires further study | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prataparudra) | | Hoysala Kingdom | Vira Ballala III | 16000 | 68000 | 33000 | Southern Deccan agriculture and urban production | Son Ballala IV; birth status not confirmed at start | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veera_Ballala_III) | | Pandya Kingdom | Maravarman Kulasekhara I | 20000 | 90000 | 41000 | Pearls, maritime trade, and irrigated agriculture | Sundara Pandya and Vira Pandya; reign/succession chronology disputed | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maravarman_Kulasekara_Pandyan_I) | | Nepal Malla Kingdom | Ananta Malla | 3000 | 16000 | 6000 | Valley agriculture, crafts, and Himalayan transit trade | Biological son list unconfirmed; Jayadityadeva mentioned as heir/administrator from a different family | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ananta_Malla) | | Lan Na Kingdom | Mangrai | 6000 | 25000 | 12500 | Rice, forest products, and valley trade | Sons Khrueang, Chaiyasongkhram, and Khruea; which ones were alive in 1299 needs verification | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrai) | | Sukhothai Kingdom | Sukhothai Palace — ruler transition uncertain | 6000 | 24000 | 12000 | Rice, ceramics, and valley passes | Son of Ram Khamhaeng; father's death date debated between 1298/1317 | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loe_Thai) | | Angkor Khmer Kingdom | Indravarman III | 18000 | 74000 | 37000 | Water management, rice, and temple estates | Information on sons unconfirmed | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indravarman_III) | | Dai Viet | Tran Anh Tong | 20000 | 85000 | 40000 | Red River rice, ports, and village assessments | Son Tran Manh born in 1300; does not exist in 1299 | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Anh_T%C3%B4ng) | | Champa Kingdom | Jaya Simhavarman III | 8000 | 35000 | 17000 | Ports, coastal agriculture, and maritime trade | Jaya Simhavarman IV; birth record uncertain | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaya_Simhavarman_III) | | Majapahit Kingdom | Raden Wijaya | 12000 | 60000 | 26000 | Java rice and port trade | Jayanegara born in 1294; daughters subject to later birth records | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raden_Wijaya) | | Hanthawaddy — Pegu | Wareru | 6000 | 30000 | 13000 | Lower Burma rice and port customs | Initial records for sons missing | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wareru) | | Myinsaing Administration | Athinkhaya, Yazathingyan, and Thihathu | 10000 | 34000 | 20000 | Central Irrawaddy irrigation and grain | Three brothers as joint rulers; Thihathu's relations to Uzana/Pinya analyzed separately | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myinsaing_Kingdom) | | Rasulid Sultanate | al-Mu'ayyad Dawud | 7000 | 40000 | 17000 | Aden customs, Yemen agriculture, and Red Sea trade | Son al-Mujahid Ali; birth status in 1299 uncertain | [Reference](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/resuliler) | | Herat Kart Malikate | Fakhruddin Kart | 5000 | 28000 | 11500 | Oasis agriculture, caravan trade, and crafts | Information on sons unconfirmed | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kart_dynasty) | | Kerman Qutlughkhanids | Qutb al-Din Shah Jahan | 4000 | 23000 | 9200 | Oasis, caravan routes, and regional agriculture | Initial records for children unconfirmed | [Reference](https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/mongols/) | | Georgian Kingdoms | David VIII | 7000 | 24000 | 15000 | Valley viticulture, agriculture, and Caucasus transit trade | George V claims rival kingdom; David's son George VI not yet born | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_VIII) | | Kingdom of Cyprus | Henry II of Lusignan | 3500 | 24000 | 9000 | Sugar, grain, and Eastern Mediterranean port trade | No male issue; brother Amaury is a dynastic rival | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_Cyprus) | | Kingdom of England | Edward I | 15000 | 90000 | 35000 | Wool, customs, royal lands, and parliament-approved collections | Son Edward of Caernarfon; later children Thomas/Edmund not yet born | [Reference](https://www.hrp.org.uk/tower-of-london/history-and-stories/edward-i/) | | Kingdom of Scotland — Guardians | Robert Bruce and John Comyn | 6000 | 17000 | 12000 | Grain, livestock, and local noble service | Deposed John Balliol is alive; Bruce is not yet king | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardians_of_Scotland) | | Kingdom of France | Philippe IV | 25000 | 160000 | 57000 | Land, urban, trade, and extraordinary royal collections | Sons Louis (1289), Philippe (1291), Charles (1294), Robert (1296) | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France) | | Kingdom of Navarre | Jeanne I | 3000 | 18000 | 6500 | Pyrenees passes, agriculture, and urban customs | Same children as the French King; Louis not duplicated as a separate person | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_I_of_Navarre) | | Castile and León | Fernando IV | 13000 | 75000 | 30000 | Grain, wool, and royal dues | Son Alfonso XI born in 1311; does not exist at start | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_IV_of_Castile) | | Crown of Aragon | Jaume II | 12000 | 80000 | 29000 | Mediterranean ports, customs, and parliamentary kingdoms | Sons Jaume (1296), Alfonso (1299); other sons not yet born | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_Aragon) | | Kingdom of Majorca | Jaume II (Majorca) | 2,000 | 22,000 | 6,500 | Island agriculture, harbor and Roussillon revenues | Sons Jaume, Sanç, Ferran, Philippe | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_Majorca) | | Kingdom of Portugal | Dinis | 8,000 | 55,000 | 20,000 | Agriculture, urban markets and Atlantic ports | Son Afonso (1291); illegitimate sons Afonso Sanches and Pedro | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_of_Portugal) | | Emirate of Granada | Muhammad II al-Faqih | 7,000 | 47,000 | 19,000 | Irrigated agriculture, silk and Mediterranean trade | Sons Muhammad III and Nasr; daughter Fâtıma | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_II_of_Granada) | | Kingdom of the Romans (Holy Roman Empire) | Albert I of Habsburg | 14,000 | 65,000 | 32,000 | Dynastic lands and negotiated contributions from princes | Rudolf, Friedrich, Leopold, Albrecht, Heinrich, Otto; ages recorded separately | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_I_of_Germany) | | Kingdom of Bohemia | Wenceslaus II | 10,000 | 65,000 | 25,000 | Silver mines, land and urban revenues | Son Wenceslaus III (1289); Polish crown still pertains to 1300 | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenceslaus_II_of_Bohemia) | | Piast Duchies of Poland | Władysław Łokietek | 6,000 | 24,000 | 13,000 | Regional agriculture, urban and toll revenues | Son Stefan (c. 1296); Kazimierz born 1310 | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_I_%C5%81okietek) | | Kingdom of Hungary | Andrew III | 12,000 | 67,000 | 28,000 | Agriculture, mines and regional revenues of barons | No sons; daughter Erzsébet (1292); male heir not automatically fabricated | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_III_of_Hungary) | | Serbian Kingdom | Stefan Uroš II Milutin | 10,000 | 51,000 | 23,000 | Agriculture, mines, markets and service of regional nobles | Sons Stefan Dečanski and Konstantin; maternity details debated | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Milutin) | | Banate of Bosnia | Stephen I, Ban of Bosnia | 3,500 | 15,000 | 7,500 | Agriculture, forestry and regional transit | Stephen II born c. 1292; siblings await confirmation of details | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_I,_Ban_of_Bosnia) | | Bulgarian Empire — regency | Ivan II and Smiltsena | 7,000 | 29,000 | 16,000 | Danubian agriculture, livestock, urban and transit duties | Ivan II is the son of Smilets; child ruler | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_II_of_Bulgaria) | | Despotate of Epirus | Thomas I Komnenos Doukas | 3,000 | 17,000 | 7,000 | Agriculture, transit and Adriatic trade connections | Child despot; mother Anna Kantakouzene is regent | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_I_Komnenos_Doukas) | | Duchy of Athens | Guy II de la Roche | 2,000 | 14,000 | 5,000 | Agriculture, urban centers and Latin feudal rights | No children; succession politics are significant | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_II_de_la_Roche) | | Principality of Achaea | Isabelle de Villehardouin | 2,200 | 15,000 | 5,500 | Morean agriculture and feudal obligations | Daughter Mahaut (1293); no male issue | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_of_Villehardouin) | | Republic of Venice | Pietro Gradenigo | 5,000 | 75,000 | 18,000 | Ports, shipping, customs and trade capital | The office of Doge is not automatically hereditary | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro_Gradenigo) | | Commune of Genoa | Genoese communal councils | 5,000 | 68,000 | 17,500 | Maritime trade, colonies, shipping and credit | No dogeship in 1299; first doge in 1339 | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa) | | Signoria of Milan | Matteo I Visconti | 4,000 | 40,000 | 11,500 | Urban craft, trade, land and tolls | Sons Galeazzo, Luchino, Marco, Giovanni, Stefano | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_I_Visconti) | | Papal States | Boniface VIII | 3,000 | 45,000 | 11,000 | Church lands, papal revenues and cities | The office is elective; no biological heir | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Boniface_VIII) | | Kingdom of Naples | Charles II of Anjou | 10,000 | 65,000 | 24,000 | Agriculture, ports and royal domains | Living sons Robert, Philippe, Raymond Bérenger, Pierre, Jean; Charles Martel and Louis are deceased | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_Naples) | | Kingdom of Sicily | Frederick III | 7,000 | 42,000 | 17,000 | Grain, ports and island trade | Subsequent legitimate sons not yet born | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Sicily) | | Kingdom of Denmark | Eric VI Menved | 6,000 | 32,000 | 14,000 | Agriculture, Baltic trade and royal revenues | Birth/death calendar for children incomplete; no surviving male heir confirmed | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_VI_of_Denmark) | | Kingdom of Norway | Haakon V of Norway | 5,000 | 29,000 | 11,500 | Fishing, maritime trade, land and rural obligations | No sons; daughter Ingeborg born 1301; Agnes born c. 1290 | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haakon_V_of_Norway) | | Kingdom of Sweden | Birger Magnusson | 6,000 | 30,000 | 13,500 | Agriculture, iron and Baltic trade | Son Magnus born 1300; brothers Erik and Valdemar are rival powers | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birger,_King_of_Sweden) | | Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Vytenis | 8,000 | 28,000 | 17,500 | Agriculture, forest products, trade and shares from dependent communities | Son Žvelgutis; birth and presence in 1299 not certain; Gediminas is his brother | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytenis) | | Teutonic Order | Gottfried von Hohenlohe | 5,000 | 30,000 | 12,500 | Prussian estates, order and trade revenues | Grand Master is elective; no filial succession | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_von_Hohenlohe) | | Novgorod Republic | Novgorod veche and posadnikship | 6,000 | 38,000 | 14,500 | Furs, wax, grain and Baltic trade | Prince authorized by invitation and contract | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novgorod_Republic) | | Grand Principality of Vladimir | Andrey of Gorodets | 7,000 | 32,000 | 16,000 | Forest and agricultural revenues; tribute to the Horde | Sons Mihail, Boris, Yuri; lifespans not fully verified | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey_of_Gorodets) | | Principality of Moscow | Daniel of Moscow | 2,500 | 17,000 | 6,500 | River trade, forest, agriculture and transit revenues | Sons Yuri, Aleksandr, Boris, Ivan, Afanasi; birth dates partially uncertain | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_of_Moscow) | | Principality of Tver | Mikhail of Tver | 3,500 | 20,000 | 8,500 | Upper Volga trade, forest and agriculture | Son Dmitri (1299); subsequent sons not yet born | [Reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_of_Tver) | | Marinid Sultanate | Abu Ya‘qub Yusuf | 20,000 | 90,000 | 43,000 | Agriculture, urban craft, Saharan and Mediterranean trade | Full list of sons living in 1299 not verified; Abu Salim is not listed as this ruler's son | [Reference](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/meriniler) | | Hafsid Sultanate | Muhammad II al-Mustansir | 14,000 | 74,000 | 31,000 | Ifriqiyan agriculture, ports and Saharan trade | List of sons not yet verified | [Reference](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/hafsiler) | | Abdalwadid Sultanate | Uthman I b. Yaghmurasan | 10,000 | 46,000 | 23,000 | Urban craft, agriculture and Saharan transit trade | Son Abu Zayyan; Abu Hammu is a dynastic branch | [Reference](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/abdulvadiler) | ## Chronological records and uncertainties This list provides primary links based on sources; it is not a complete day-by-day event database for all of Eurasia. The detailed primary timeline is 1299–1326. Subsequent horizons must be expanded through source audits. Knowing the future titles of biographies does not mean characters know the future. | Date/precision | Historical context | Limit of application and evidence | |---|---|---| | Within 1299 | Ottoman conquest tradition around Bilecik, Yarhisar, Inegol and Yenisehir | Exact months/days are not given. Osman starting in the color of cell 530 is a MODEL scenario assumption; it is not considered an exact September transition and is not to be confused with Bursa/Iznik/Izmit. | | Late 1299 / 1300 | Defeat and death of Nogai; Chaka's Bulgarian throne | Difference in sources between 1299/1300; a single false date is not invented. Tokta, Nogai, Chaka, and Smiltsena are separate actors. | | 22–23 December 1299 — source variance | Ilkhanid victory near Wadi al-Khaznadar/Homs | The TDV entry on Ghazan Khan gives the 22nd, while the TTK Belleten diplomacy study gives the 23rd of December; the variance is preserved. The defeat is not an automatic annexation of Egypt. | | 4 January 1300 | Ilkhanid commander's entry into Damascus | The inner citadel is not considered captured; occupation and the annexation of the entire province are distinguished. | | 17 April 1300 | Death of Güneri Bey; succession of Mahmud | Karaman accounting and emir authority are transferred; a second army/treasury is not created. | | Around 1300–1302 | Resumption of the Seljuk throne by Mesud II | There is a date variance in different entries; no single day or undisputed year is given. | | 27 July 1302 — assumption of this scenario | Battle of Bapheus/Koyunhisar and the rise of Osman's fame | The Inalcik chronology is taken as a basis; it is not considered the same event as the 1299 foundation tradition. The academic dating debate is preserved. | | Spring 1303 | Mamluk success at Shaqhab/Marj al-Suffar | The sourced result is preserved; if there is no documentation, a precise casualty count is not invented. | | 1303–1305 | The Catalan Company in Byzantine service and subsequent conflict | The company is not a ready-made Byzantine force since 1299. | | 1304 | Death of Ghazan | Transition to his brother Oljaytu; Ghazan's son, who died in 1300, is not made an adult heir. | | 19 July 1304 | Accession of Oljaytu | The office, resources, and public accounts are inherited in a single line. | | 1307–1308 | Death and succession period of Mahmud of Karaman | Yahshi's kinship and the sequence of resource differences are preserved. | | 1308 | Mehmed Bey's rule of Aydin-ili | The independent color and administration of the Aydinids are not granted in advance before this period. | | Around 1308–1309 | Suleyman I after Yaman Candar and the end of the Chobanids | Eflani and Kastamonu are not initially unified; the steps of conquest/succession are separate. | | After 1310; traditionally 1313 | Manisa passing to the Saruhan | According to Emecen, a precise date cannot be established from contemporary sources; 1313 is not locked as a precise day. | | 1322 | Sinop's incorporation into the lands of the Candar | The record of succession regarding the Pervâne/Gazi Chelebi and his daughter is preserved; Sinop is not Candar in 1299. | | 1324 / alternative 1326 | Death of Osman | Inalcik's 1324 dating and the TTK's 1326 record are shown together; this version accepts 1324 in the main branch. | | 1326 | Bursa passing to Ottoman control | The city does not change to the Ottoman color beforehand; the control of the surrounding area and the inner citadel are separate. | | 1331 / 1337 — later horizon | Ottoman conquest of Nicaea / Nicomedia | These are not a 1299 starting point; detailed chronological verification is required as one progresses toward these dates. | References: [Muhammad b. Qalawun](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/muhammed-b-kalavun), [Karamanids](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/karamanogullari), [Osman I](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/osman-i), [Orhan](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/orhan), [Oljaytu Khan](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/olcaytu-han), [Pervâneids](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/pervaneogullari), [Candarids](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/candarogullari), [Ilkhanid dynastic history](https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/il-khanids-i-dynastic-history/). ## Research methodology and source layers For Anatolia/early Ottoman history, the specialized entries of Halil Inalcik, Faruk Sumer, Feridun Emecen, Erdogan Mercil, Sait Kofoglu, Yasar Yucel, Mustafa Cetin Varlik, Tuncer Baykara, and Muharrem Kesik form the basis. Inscriptions, foundation charters (waqfiyyah), coins, contemporary chronicles, and later dynastic narratives that studies rely on do not hold the same evidentiary weight. Uzuncarsili and Osman Turan appear in the bibliographies of the entries for further reading; books that were not accessed are not presented as if they have been fully read. Ilber Ortayli's [Qadi / The Qadi in the Ottoman State](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/kadi#2-osmanli-devletinde-kadi) entry has been used to distinguish between law and administration. The madrasa hierarchy, the office of the Kazasker, and the ranks of the Qadi, which belong to later centuries in the entry, are not carried back to 1299. The lack of evidence for the early period is specifically maintained. For the Mongol and Iranian spheres, the specialized entries of the Encyclopaedia Iranica: [Chaghatayid Dynasty — Peter Jackson](https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/chaghatayid-dynasty/), [Central Asia V](https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/central-asia-v/), [Il-khanids I](https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/il-khanids-i-dynastic-history/), [Economy V](https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/economy-5-part2/), [Čobān](https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/coban-cupan-ar/). Discrepancies in dynastic chronologies, such as the start of Duva and the death of Kaidu, are not considered to be silently resolved. Some of the connections in the European and distant Asian records are secondary encyclopedia **pre-entries**. These are not considered equal to the Anatolian specialized entries in terms of final academic verification. Comparative studies have been limited to institutional sources such as [UK Royal Palaces / Edward I](https://www.hrp.org.uk/tower-of-london/history-and-stories/edward-i/), [UK Parliament / Edwardian period](https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/originsofparliament/birthofparliament/overview/edward/), and the [Aragon Archives](https://www.cultura.gob.es/archivos-aca/en/actividades/documentos-para-la-historia-de-europa/aran.html). Monographic, numismatic, and genealogical audits are not complete for every line. The name Abdullah Kalinsazlioglu has been researched; since no verifiable expert study could be identified for this 1299 scope in the available content, no definitive fact or figure based on him has been added. Evaluating popular narrative separately from primary documents and expert literature is a principle of source selection, not a judgment on the individual. [Hoyuk / Silifke coins](https://hoyuk.gov.tr/eng/full-text/78/tur) have been used to check the throne transition in Cilicia in 1298–1299. Since the precise month of Hethum II's 1299 restoration is not given here, September 1st is not attributed as the exact day of the event. David VIII's Georgia and the Ram Khamhaeng/Loe Thai transition in Sukhothai are also records of uncertainty. ## Visual production and gameplay limit Appropriate general medieval actor/castle/market/inn figures have been assigned from the Davia catalog. Ming, Joseon, and Sengoku models are not used as portraits for 1299; the model is left blank in records where there is no adequate period model. A general cavalry icon for a Muslim ruler does not represent a specific portrait or the actual number of guards. The cover is representative art produced by artificial intelligence; it is not a historical document. The MCP tools of this version provide verification for text, statistics, placement, and records. The causal rules defined here are written into Davia's game solver; there is no claim that an independent deterministic war/economics engine has been applied and run. Precise border polygons, a complete global dynastic database, all unique character portraits, and long-term multiplayer balance testing have not been completed. ## Examples of researchable decisions at the opening - Osman: Increasing the security of the Karacahisar market, ordering an inventory of winter provisions, proposing a time-bound transit agreement to the neighboring Tekfur. - Hamid: Requesting a divan report by separating the revenues/rights of Uluborlu, Burdur, and Egirdir; scouting and material estimates for a stone castle. - Guneri: Defending the Taurus mountain passes, reaching a settlement with producer villages, and negotiating alliances in the face of the Ilkhanid threat. - Byzantium: Supervising payments and supplies that actually reach the Bithynian garrisons; negotiating the terms of Italian naval support. - Mamluk administration: Clarifying the authority of Sellar and Baybars; preparing logistics and supplies in Syria. - Venice: A council-approved trade/shipping contract; making decisions without counting the entire state budget as personal wealth. ## V0.2 — Character-focused opening guide The goals, pressures, and three-intent designs for the game start in this section are MODELS; they are not the documented thoughts or performed actions of historical persons. SOURCED biographies and DEBATABLE lineage/date records remain in the sources and actor files above. No ALTERNATIVE scenario has been implemented. The history-dependent A-framework is valid. Select a role → write the purpose, scope, and pending expenditure for the intent → review the queue → jump forward by an appropriate duration → check the daily and changing statistics. Example initial intent: «As Osman, request the Karacahisar supply report; wait for separate approval for deploying or paying soldiers.» Brief presentation of results: elapsed date/time; what actually happened; changing money/soldiers/stocks/control; pending decisions, and up to three new intents. A detailed record opens separately when needed. This is a presentation instruction; it does not mean a specific interface button has been added. ### Resource and authority register There are 104 public accounts, 41 independent field armies, and 274 actors. Soldiers transferred to an army are not counted again for the ruler; the pool held by other public actors cannot be moved elsewhere at the same time as if it were a separate unit. Palace/council and individual are different types of authority. The Sukhothai palace record does not confirm a specific ruler in the debated succession. Opening account holder directory (MODEL; final closing for all these records 1299-08): - ahaya: entities/isabelle-de-villehardouin.json - altin: entities/tokta-han.json - amazon_pampa: entities/amazon-guaran-ve-g-ney-konisi-eflikleri.json - aragon: entities/ii-jaume.json - atina: entities/ii-guy-de-la-roche.json - aztek_toltek: entities/tlatoani-coxcoxtli-culhuacan-ve-meksika-vadisi.json - bengal: entities/r-kneddin-keyk-vus.json - benin_ife: entities/ooni-ii-obalufon-i-le-i-fe-ve-benin.json - bizans: entities/ii-andronikos-palaiologos-2.json - bohemya: entities/ii-v-clav.json - bosna: entities/i-stjepan-kotromani.json - bulgar: entities/ii-i-van-ve-smiltsena.json - cagatay: entities/duva-han.json - candar: entities/emseddin-yaman-candar-2.json - cenova: entities/cenova-kom-n-meclisleri.json - Champa: entities/iii-jaya-simhavarman.json - Coban: entities/mahmud-bey-obano-lu.json - Dai Viet: entities/tr-n-anh-t-ng.json - Denmark: entities/vi-erik-menved.json - Delhi: entities/al-eddin-halac.json - Epirus: entities/i-thomas-komnenos-doukas.json - Eshref: entities/seyfeddin-s-leyman-bey-2.json - France: entities/iv-philippe.json - Germiyan: entities/i-yakub-bey-2.json - Granada: entities/ii-muhammed-el-fakih.json - Goryeo: entities/chungnyeol.json - Georgia: entities/viii-david.json - Ethiopia: entities/i-mparator-wedem-arad.json - Hafsid: entities/ii-muhammed-el-m-stans-r.json - Hamid: entities/hamid-bey.json - Hoysala: entities/iii-vira-ballala.json - Ifat: entities/mer-velasma.json - Ilkhanate: entities/g-z-n-mahmud-han.json - Holy Roman Empire: entities/i-albrecht-von-habsburg.json - Inanc: entities/ca-ddin-i-nan-mehmed-bey.json - England: entities/i-edward.json - Inca-Chimor: entities/sapa-i-nka-mayta-c-pac.json - Iroquois: entities/haudenosaunee-ve-algonkin-uluslar.json - Scotland: entities/robert-bruce-ve-john-comyn.json - Sweden: entities/birger-magnusson.json - Japan: entities/h-j-sadatoki.json - Kakatiya: entities/prataparudra.json - Kanem: entities/mai-i-br-him-nikale.json - Karaman: entities/g-neri-bey-2.json - Karesi: entities/karesi-bey-2.json - Kart: entities/fahreddin-kert.json - Castile: entities/iv-fernando.json - Kaidu: entities/kaydu.json - Khmer: entities/iii-indravarman.json - Cyprus: entities/ii-henri-de-lusignan.json - Cilicia: entities/ii-hetum.json - Kirman: entities/kutb-ddin-ah-cihan.json - Congo: entities/kongo-havzas-nehir-eflikleri.json - Lan Na: entities/mangrai.json - Lithuania: entities/vytenis.json - Hungary: entities/iii-andr-s.json - Majapahit: entities/raden-wijaya.json - Makuria: entities/makuria-dongola-saray.json - Mali: entities/mansa-sakura.json - Mallorca: entities/ii-jaume-mallorca.json - Maya: entities/cocom-h-k-mdar-mayapan-konfederasyonu.json - Mamluk: entities/en-n-s-r-muhammed-b-kalavun.json - Menteshe: entities/mesud-bey-2.json - Marinid: entities/eb-ya-kub-yusuf.json - Milan: entities/matteo-i-visconti.json - Mississippi: entities/cahokia-ve-mississippi-h-y-k-efleri.json - Moscow: entities/daniil-aleksandrovi.json - Muisca: entities/muisca-zipa-ve-zaque-konfederasyonu.json - Myinsaing: entities/athinkhaya-yazathingyan-ve-thihathu.json - Naples: entities/ii-charles-d-anjou.json - Navarre: entities/i-jeanne.json - Nepal: entities/ananta-malla.json - Nogai: entities/nogay.json - Norway: entities/v-h-kon-magnusson.json - Novgorod: entities/novgorod-ve-e-ve-posadnikli-i.json - Nusantara: entities/filipin-ve-nusantara-liman-krall-klar.json - Oceania: entities/okyanusya-ve-polinezya-eflikleri.json - Osman: entities/osman-gazi-2.json - Great Plains: entities/b-y-k-ovalar-ve-arktik-boylar.json - Pandya: entities/i-maravarman-kulasekhara.json - Papacy: entities/viii-bonifatius.json - Pegu: entities/wareru.json - Pervane: entities/m-hezzeb-ddin-mesud-bey.json - Poland: entities/w-adys-aw-okietek.json - Portugal: entities/dinis.json - Pueblo: entities/pueblo-ve-hohokam-kentleri.json - Rasulids: entities/el-m-eyyed-d-v-d.json - Sahibids: entities/nusret-ddevle-ahmed-bey.json - Seljuk: entities/iii-al-eddin-keykubad-2.json - Sibir: entities/sibir-yurdu-ve-kuzey-avrasya-boylar.json - Sicily: entities/iii-federico.json - Serbia: entities/ii-stefan-uro-milutin.json - Sukhothai: entities/loe-thai-tart-mal-ge-i.json - Swahili: entities/sultan-el-hasan-b-t-l-t.json - Taino: entities/ta-no-kasiklikleri.json - Teutonic Order: entities/gottfried-von-hohenlohe.json - Trebizond: entities/ii-aleksios-komnenos.json - Tver: entities/mihail-yaroslavich.json - Venice: entities/pietro-gradenigo.json - Vladimir: entities/iii-andrey-aleksandrovi.json - Yadava: entities/ramachandra.json - Yuan: entities/tem-r-ljeyt-ka-an.json - Zimbabwe: entities/mambo-chigwagu-rusvingo.json - Ziyyanids: entities/i-osman-b-ya-murasan.json ### Decision cards for the 14 core roles #### Osman Ghazi — entities/osman-gazi-2.json V0.2 DECISION CARD — MODEL (not a verified personality/future prediction) AUTHORITY: Bearer of the public account; expeditionary force entities/osman-ucu-sefer-kuvveti.json. Orhan has the authority to report and propose; no independent spending/command. IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE: Secure winter rations and market safety; operate with a single revenue account. INFORMATION: Only opening file and received reports; current remote stocks, secret intentions, and persons not yet born are unknown. THREE OPENING INTENTIONS: 1) Have the Karacahisar ration count and horse/fodder deficit reported. 2) Have a temporary transition offer prepared for a neighboring fortress administration. 3) Request calculation of time, rations, and additional costs for road surveillance of 300 men; do not allocate yet. COST / PRESSURE: Even a short siege creates open supply needs and extra expenses; the public treasury is limited. PENDING: These proposals are not issued orders at the start; there are no approved new expeditions, debts, construction, or treaties. #### Orhan Bey — entities/orhan-bey-4.json V0.2 DECISION CARD — MODEL (not a verified personality/future prediction) AUTHORITY: Member of the dynasty tied to Osman's public account. No assigned units or independent spending limit; cannot execute orders without approval. IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE: Prepare a field report and obtain limited mission authority. INFORMATION: Only opening file and received reports; current remote stocks, secret intentions, and persons not yet born are unknown. THREE OPENING INTENTIONS: 1) Request assignment for the Söğüt ration count. 2) Present the plan for 300-man road surveillance to Osman. 3) Request time-limited embassy authority for negotiations with the neighboring administration. COST / PRESSURE: Dynastic ties do not inherently create soldiers, money, or the right to the throne. PENDING: These proposals are not issued orders at the start; there are no approved new expeditions, debts, construction, or treaties. #### Andronikos II Palaiologos — entities/ii-andronikos-palaiologos-2.json V0.2 DECISION CARD — MODEL (not a verified personality/future prediction) AUTHORITY: Title holder of the Byzantine public account; actual control of local tekfurs and garrisons is evaluated separately. IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE: Balance Bithynian supplies, court burdens, and provincial obedience. INFORMATION: Only opening file and received reports; current remote stocks, secret intentions, and persons not yet born are unknown. THREE OPENING INTENTIONS: 1) Request payment/ration schedules reaching Bursa and Nicaea. 2) Calculate caravan and guard costs for a supply route. 3) Have terms for a time-limited and paid contract for sea transport prepared. COST / PRESSURE: An order or payment record does not mean it has reached a remote fortress. PENDING: These proposals are not issued orders at the start; there are no approved new expeditions, debts, construction, or treaties. #### Ghazan Mahmud Khan — entities/g-z-n-mahmud-han.json V0.2 DECISION CARD — MODEL (not a verified personality/future prediction) AUTHORITY: Bearer of the Ilkhanid public account; forces allocated to noyans are deducted from the same pool. IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE: Reconcile expeditionary needs with range, pastures, and collection capacity. INFORMATION: Only opening file and received reports; current remote stocks, secret intentions, and persons not yet born are unknown. THREE OPENING INTENTIONS: 1) Request a range/pasture report for the Syrian route. 2) Have a time-limited preparation order and maximum budget proposal prepared for a noyan. 3) Have the divan investigate objections and tax evasion in the Anatolian collection. COST / PRESSURE: Remote tax collection and state service do not become instant cash/armies at the center. PENDING: These proposals are not issued orders at the start; there are no approved new expeditions, debts, construction, or treaties. #### al-Nasir Muhammad b. Qalawun — entities/en-n-s-r-muhammed-b-kalavun.json V0.2 DECISION CARD — MODEL (not a verified personality/future prediction) AUTHORITY: Mamluk public account in this sultanate record; the child ruler's implementation depends on the support of the regent and powerful emirs. Salar is tied to the same account. IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE: Gather information on court support and Syrian defense to form a viable decision. INFORMATION: Only opening file and received reports; current remote stocks, secret intentions, and persons not yet born are unknown. THREE OPENING INTENTIONS: 1) Request a Syrian range report from Salar. 2) Prepare a proposal to verify the actual arrival of payments and horse fodder. 3) Create an agenda for time-limited defense spending that the court will approve. COST / PRESSURE: Personal will alone is not a substitute for the support of the regency and the emirs. PENDING: At the opening, these proposals are not standing orders; there are no approved new campaigns, debts, constructions, or treaties. #### Seyfeddin Sellar — entities/seyfeddin-sell-r.json V0.2 DECISION CARD — MODEL (not documented personality/future projection) AUTHORITY: Linked account entities/en-n-s-r-muhammed-b-kalavun.json. Regency/de facto influence does not multiply the public account; rival emir and sultanate support is required. IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE: To maintain palace support while continuing preparations for Syria. INFORMATION: Only opening file and received reports; current stocks at a distance, secret intentions, and individuals not yet born are unknown. THREE OPENING INTENTIONS: 1) Have the current supply and range report for Syria reviewed. 2) Place the defense budget to be covered by the sultanate account on the council agenda. 3) Propose service duration and duty limit discussions to the emirs. COST / PRESSURE: The value treasury=0 of one's own does not mean the absence of state money, but the lack of a separate personal public account. PENDING: At the opening, these proposals are not standing orders; there are no approved new campaigns, debts, constructions, or treaties. #### Güneri Bey — entities/g-neri-bey-2.json V0.2 DECISION CARD — MODEL (not documented personality/future projection) AUTHORITY: Office holder of the Karaman public account; support from local beys and villages is subject to negotiation. IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE: To maintain the security of the Taurus mountain passes without exhausting the productive base. INFORMATION: Only opening file and received reports; current stocks at a distance, secret intentions, and individuals not yet born are unknown. THREE OPENING INTENTIONS: 1) Request the duration and provisioning account for pass surveillance. 2) Have the tax objection of a village group heard. 3) Prepare a timed communication/aid offer against Ilkhanate pressure. COST / PRESSURE: Excessive collection may lower the harvest and subsequent taxation. PENDING: At the opening, these proposals are not standing orders; there are no approved new campaigns, debts, constructions, or treaties. #### Yakub Bey I — entities/i-yakub-bey-2.json V0.2 DECISION CARD — MODEL (not documented personality/future projection) AUTHORITY: Office holder of the Germiyan public account; dependent march service and local taxation are audited separately. IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE: To balance market and route revenue with the service of dependent marches. INFORMATION: Only opening file and received reports; current stocks at a distance, secret intentions, and individuals not yet born are unknown. THREE OPENING INTENTIONS: 1) Request the Kütahya market and road loss report. 2) Ask for the terms of service from a dependent march. 3) Calculate the three-month ready-force expenditure without assuming new conquests. COST / PRESSURE: A dependent march does not unconditionally hand over all its revenue and soldiers. PENDING: At the opening, these proposals are not standing orders; there are no approved new campaigns, debts, constructions, or treaties. #### Hamid Bey — entities/hamid-bey.json V0.2 DECISION CARD — MODEL (not documented personality/future projection) AUTHORITY: Office holder of the Hamid public account; local rights of family members require separate verification. IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE: To clarify revenue rights and defense needs around Uluborlu. INFORMATION: Only opening file and received reports; current stocks at a distance, secret intentions, and individuals not yet born are unknown. THREE OPENING INTENTIONS: 1) Have revenue rights for Uluborlu/Burdur/Eğirdir reported separately. 2) Request a reconnaissance proposal for a stone fortress. 3) Discuss the security burden of a market with local notables. COST / PRESSURE: A future office and absolute sultanate year are not granted to Dündar in advance. PENDING: At the opening, these proposals are not standing orders; there are no approved new campaigns, debts, constructions, or treaties. #### Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey — entities/seyfeddin-s-leyman-bey-2.json V0.2 DECISION CARD — MODEL (not documented personality/future projection) AUTHORITY: Office holder of the Eşref public account; local support and law around Beyşehir are binding. IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE: To keep defense, local taxation, and construction expenditures sustainable. INFORMATION: Only opening file and received reports; current stocks at a distance, secret intentions, and individuals not yet born are unknown. THREE OPENING INTENTIONS: 1) Have the Beyşehir garrison provisions counted. 2) Request a separate reconnaissance cost for stone/timber transport. 3) Have a tax objection examined by the qadi and local notables. COST / PRESSURE: A reconnaissance payment does not create a completed fortress or free labor. PENDING: At the opening, these proposals are not standing orders; there are no approved new campaigns, debts, constructions, or treaties. #### Mesud Bey — entities/mesud-bey-2.json V0.2 DECISION CARD — MODEL (not documented personality/future projection) AUTHORITY: Office holder of the Menteşe public account; contract and personnel are additionally required for port/sea transport. IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE: To protect the revenue of coastal and inland market connections. INFORMATION: Only opening file and received reports; current stocks at a distance, secret intentions, and individuals not yet born are unknown. THREE OPENING INTENTIONS: 1) Request the security report of the Milas-Beçin route. 2) Have a cost and duration proposal prepared for port transport. 3) Work out the reconnaissance requirements for a coastal observation structure. COST / PRESSURE: Ships and crew are not derived solely from the count of land soldiers. PENDING: At the opening, these proposals are not standing orders; there are no approved new campaigns, debts, constructions, or treaties. #### Şemseddin Yaman Candar — entities/emseddin-yaman-candar-2.json V0.2 DECISION CARD — MODEL (not documented personality/future projection) AUTHORITY: Office holder of the Candar public account; the initial core is Eflani, there is no automatic authority to issue orders to all of Kastamonu. IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE: To maintain local service and Eflani security with a low income base. INFORMATION: Only opening file and received reports; current stocks at a distance, secret intentions, and individuals not yet born are unknown. THREE OPENING INTENTIONS: 1) Request the Eflani supplies and timber transport report. 2) Have a timed passage proposal prepared for the neighboring administration. 3) Inquire about the preparation cost for a 120-man surveillance proposal. COST / PRESSURE: Eflani and Kastamonu are separate cells with different allegiances; one does not automatically give authority over the other. PENDING: At the opening, these proposals are not standing orders; there are no approved new campaigns, debts, constructions, or treaties. #### Mühezzebüddin Mesud Bey — entities/m-hezzeb-ddin-mesud-bey.json V0.2 DECISION CARD — MODEL (not documented personality/future projection) AUTHORITY: Office holder of the Pervane public account; merchants and carriers have separate interests in Sinop maritime trade. IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE: To conduct Sinop defense and trade security together. INFORMATION: Only opening file and received reports; current stocks at a distance, secret intentions, and individuals not yet born are unknown. THREE OPENING INTENTIONS: 1) Request the real revenue report at the port customs. 2) Have a timed transport proposal prepared for maritime supply. 3) Request a garrison inventory and payment schedule. COST / PRESSURE: The acceptance of a trade proposal and the arrival of a ship are not instantaneous. PENDING: At the start, these proposals are not issued orders; there are no confirmed new expeditions, debts, constructions, or treaties. #### Emir Choban (Ilkhanate) — entities/em-r-oban-i-lhanl.json V0.2 DECISION CARD — MODEL (not a documented personality/future prediction) AUTHORITY: Linked account entities/g-z-n-mahmud-han.json. No separate force allocation or spending limit exists at the start; a written mission/allocation is required. IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE: To report the range and force requirements for the assigned mission. INFO: Only initial files and received reports are available; distant current stocks, secret intentions, and persons not yet born are unknown. THREE INITIAL INTENTIONS: 1) Request Gazan to finalize the mission area and duration. 2) Prepare headcount/horse/fodder calculations for the detachment to be allocated. 3) Investigate the date and reliability of the news arriving from Anatolia. COST / PRESSURE: Not to be identified with Chobanoglu Mahmud or Choban, son of Osman. PENDING: At the start, these proposals are not issued orders; there are no confirmed new expeditions, debts, constructions, or treaties. ### Scope of the ledger and selection limits The four world ledgers are text statistics that store the current state of the game, not a separate programmatic war/treaty API. They are maintained while summarizing open jobs and final closings. The prohibition of orders for an inactive person is a parser rule; the MCP cannot disable the selectable status of every entity. Live game testing is required additionally. ## V0.9 Review with Turkish and Islamic historical sources In the work dated November 15, 2026, the TDV Encyclopedia of Islam and the Turkish Historical Society's Belleten were used for historical research. Administrative distinctions are MODEL mechanics derived from the historical context of these sources; account formulas are not attributed to these authors. - [Halil İnalcık, Osman Beg, the Founder of the Ottoman Principality, Belleten](https://belleten.gov.tr/tam-metin/2716/tur): early chronicles and source criticism; no definitive 1299 date is fabricated. - [TDV Gazan Khan](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/gazan-han) and [Belleten, Mamluk–Ilkhanid Diplomatic Relations](https://belleten.gov.tr/tam-metin/320/tur): the Syrian front and diplomacy; the 22/23 December 1299 distinction is preserved. - [TDV Divan](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/divan--devlet) and [Iqta](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ikta): income rights, registration, and institutional distinctions; subsequent systems are not wholesale transported to 1299. - [TDV Ahidnâme](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ahidname), [Biat](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/biat), [Qadi](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/kadi): context of authority, allegiance, law, and covenant; a single Islamic legal order is not applied to all states. - [TDV Aydınids](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/aydinogullari) and [Saruhanids](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saruhanogullari): subsequent rule in Manisa/Birgi is not provided as definitive information for 1299. Foreign connections in previous registers only indicate the origin of the old record; they are not considered verified Turkish–Islamic sources in this work. Not all records of Africa, America, East Asia, and Oceania are verified by these sources. The colors of communities on a continental scale are not evidence of a centralized state, a single treasury, or continent-wide command authority; a local actor can only use forces they can reach and whose support they have gained. There is no claim of a complete global historical database. ## Initial income measurement contract — MODEL The representative measurement cell of the 104 accounts, initial production, and destruction are in the frozen measurement index below. When geography is divided, the current cell is used instead of old shared center references; financial capacity and the treasury remain unchanged. A representative cell cannot belong to another country. This reference is not the total income of the country. The initial audit share is 1 for the already defined normal income base. The base 531 is taken for Osman; there is no additional income until the income rights and collection of 530 are separately finalized. Closings are kept with separate keys for each account. ### Frozen measurement index — 1299-09-01 The following cells, P0 and D0, are only representative economic indices; capacity and normal load are in the actor statistics. The final closing of the public account is in the Calendar ledger. | Account key | Cell | P0 | D0 | |---|---:|---:|---:| | delhi | 197 | 49 | 8 | | amazon_pampa | 390 | 48 | 1 | | nepal | 191 | 48 | 6 | | myinsaing | 72 | 62 | 10 | | ova_kuzey | 240 | 44 | 2 | | isvec | 112 | 44 | 1 | | inanc | 536 | 60 | 4 | | mississippi | 228 | 64 | 10 | | cenova | 566 | 79 | 4 | | goryeo | 110 | 54 | 3 | | maya | 353 | 62 | 4 | | moskova | 570 | 54 | 4 | | portekiz | 290 | 62 | 2 | | cagatay | 154 | 56 | 7 | | merini | 282 | 58 | 6 | | rasuli | 206 | 56 | 5 | | candar | 527 | 55 | 5 | | memluk | 449 | 71 | 2 | | kart | 171 | 50 | 14 | | nusantara | 66 | 66 | 6 | | karaman | 542 | 50 | 20 | | ilhan | 175 | 63 | 5 | | toton | 116 | 53 | 5 | | japon | 111 | 65 | 2 | | hamid | 538 | 58 | 8 | | irokua | 231 | 54 | 2 | | imparatorluk | 127 | 60 | 2 | | ingiltere | 292 | 64 | 10 | | navarra | 521 | 62 | 8 | | pandya | 192 | 71 | 4 | | habes | 59 | 72 | 10 | | ziyyani | 258 | 52 | 18 | | bosna | 131 | 48 | 8 | | epir | 551 | 58 | 6 | | germiyan | 537 | 53 | 10 | | trabzon | 523 | 62 | 3 | | bizans | 448 | 67 | 4 | | napoli | 555 | 72 | 5 | | Athens | 556 | 64 | 5 | | Cyprus | 140 | 68 | 2 | | Cilicia | 544 | 57 | 18 | | Bulgarian | 148 | 53 | 8 | | Aragon | 519 | 62 | 8 | | Majorca | 571 | 64 | 6 | | Granada | 520 | 62 | 8 | | Hafsid | 138 | 62 | 5 | | Serbian | 135 | 56 | 5 | | Bohemia | 120 | 67 | 2 | | Seljuk | 543 | 50 | 20 | | Hungarian | 128 | 60 | 2 | | Vladimir | 327 | 50 | 5 | | Sicily | 445 | 64 | 8 | | Khmer | 65 | 71 | 3 | | Champa | 561 | 66 | 5 | | Hoysala | 204 | 64 | 4 | | Achaea | 447 | 58 | 7 | | Castile | 291 | 62 | 8 | | France | 271 | 69 | 5 | | Karesi | 532 | 52 | 10 | | Kaidu | 102 | 47 | 8 | | Kongo | 39 | 48 | 5 | | Kirman | 179 | 48 | 5 | | Sukhothai | 64 | 64 | 4 | | Pervane | 525 | 60 | 5 | | Choban | 526 | 55 | 5 | | Kanem | 267 | 70 | 10 | | Makuria | 211 | 58 | 16 | | Zimbabwe | 23 | 80 | 5 | | Lan Na | 559 | 60 | 4 | | Mali | 276 | 84 | 6 | | Milan | 560 | 77 | 4 | | Ifat | 60 | 66 | 11 | | Menteshe | 535 | 60 | 4 | | Tver | 569 | 52 | 4 | | Muisca | 360 | 64 | 2 | | Nogai | 149 | 46 | 3 | | Novgorod | 567 | 56 | 3 | | Sahib | 522 | 58 | 8 | | Oceania | 452 | 50 | 1 | | Benin-Ife | 51 | 82 | 6 | | Osman | 531 | 48 | 12 | | Venice | 557 | 80 | 4 | | Kakatiya | 202 | 67 | 3 | | Pueblo | 252 | 50 | 6 | | Bengal | 195 | 65 | 5 | | Majapahit | 430 | 64 | 5 | | Yadava | 199 | 60 | 6 | | Scottish | 518 | 64 | 10 | | Inka-Chimor | 398 | 62 | 4 | | Eshref | 541 | 50 | 20 | | Sibir | 320 | 48 | 7 | | Swahili | 40 | 80 | 6 | | Taino | 288 | 54 | 5 | | Yuan | 89 | 72 | 1 | | Aztec-Toltec | 352 | 70 | 5 | | Golden | 329 | 40 | 5 | | Dai Viet | 71 | 71 | 5 | | Norwegian | 113 | 42 | 1 | | Danish | 115 | 45 | 4 | | Papal | 137 | 75 | 4 | | Georgian | 147 | 52 | 15 | | Lithuanian | 117 | 46 | 5 | | Poland | 121 | 55 | 4 | | Pegu | 562 | 63 | 8 |